Drilling Data Standard
| Field | Drilling Data Field Names | Standard Units | Required |
|---|---|---|---|
|
AutoDriller Block Velocity
A measure of how fast the traveling block is moving up or down the hole. |
Pason Field Name:AutoDriller Block Velocity
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name:
|
feet per hour (ft/hr) | |
|
AutoDriller System Enabled
A binary field indicating whether or not the AutoDriller is in use. |
Pason Field Name:AutoDriller Status
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: AD System Enabled
|
N/A | Required if AutoDriller is used during drilling. |
|
Azimuth
The compass direction of the wellbore as measured while drilling. Usually specified in degrees with respect to the geographic or magnetic north pole. Include whichever is available. |
Pason Field Name:Azimuth
RIMBase Field name: Azimuth In
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Azimuth
|
degrees | Required |
|
Azimuth - Survey
The compass direction of the wellbore as measured during a survey of the well, which may be coincident with drilling. Usually specified in degrees with respect to the geographic or magnetic north pole. Include whichever is available. |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name: DirectionalSurvey/Azimuth
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Srv Azimuth
|
degrees | Required if Azimuth (above field) is not recorded |
|
Bit Depth
The depth of the drill bit within the hole. |
Pason Field Name:Bit Depth
RIMBase Field name: Measured Depth Out
RigCloud Field Name: Depth - Bit
|
feet (ft) | Required |
|
Bit Diameter
The diameter of the drill bit. |
Pason Field Name:Hole Diameter
RIMBase Field name: BitDiameter
RigCloud Field Name: Bit Diameter
|
inches (in) | Required |
|
Bit Revolutions per Minute
A measure of the rotational speed of the drill bit. |
Pason Field Name:Bit RPM
RIMBase Field name: Average RPM
RigCloud Field Name: Bit RPM
|
revolutions per minute (RPM) | Required |
|
Block Position
The location of the traveling block within the derrick. |
Pason Field Name:Block Height
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Block Position
|
feet (ft) | Required |
|
Date
The date and time of the sample. Format: MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS AM/PM |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name: Date/Time Out
RigCloud Field Name: Date
|
date/time | Required |
|
Date (Date Only)
The date of the sample. Format: MM/DD/YYYY |
Pason Field Name:YYYY/MM/DD
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Date (Date Only)
|
date | Required |
|
Date (Time Only)
The time of the sample. Format: HH:MM:SS |
Pason Field Name:HH:MM:SS
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Date (Time Only)
|
time | Required |
|
Depth Hole Total Vertical Depth
The total vertical depth of hole at time of sample. |
Pason Field Name:Hole Depth
RIMBase Field name: Total Depth (Vert
RigCloud Field Name: Depth Hole TVD
|
feet (ft) | Required |
|
Differential Pressure
A measurement of fluid force per unit area subtracted from a higher measurement of fluid force per unit area. |
Pason Field Name:Differential Pressure
RIMBase Field name: Differential Pressure
RigCloud Field Name: Differential Pressure
|
pounds per square inch (psi) | Required |
|
Dog-Leg Severity Measured while Drilling
A measure of the change in direction of a well bore over 100 feet of length. The more severe a dog-leg is, the more potential difficulties arise due to the drill string passing through a curved well trajectory. |
Pason Field Name:Dogleg Severity
RIMBase Field name: Dog Leg Severity
RigCloud Field Name: MWD DLS
|
degrees per 100 feet (deg/100ft) | Required |
|
Downhole Torque
The rotational force, or torque, required to turn the drill bit. |
Pason Field Name:Bit Torque
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Downhole Torque
|
kilofoot-pounds (kft-lbs) | Required |
|
Flow In
A measure of the total flow into hole from mud pumps. |
Pason Field Name:Total Pump Output
RIMBase Field name: Average Flow In
RigCloud Field Name: Flow In
|
gallons per minute (GPM) | Required |
|
Gamma Depth Measured while Drilling
The depth of the associated Gamma measurement. |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Gamma Depth
|
feet (ft) | Required if MWD Gamma is included. |
|
Gamma Measured while Drilling
A logged measurement of naturally occurring gamma radiation which may be used to characterize surrounding rock within the hole. |
Pason Field Name:Gamma
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Gamma (API)
|
API units | |
|
Gas Carbon Dioxide
A measure of the quantity of Carbon Dioxide encountered while drilling. |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Gas Carbon Dioxide
|
parts per million (ppm) | Required if tested for during drilling. |
|
H2S 01
A measure of the quantity of hydrogen sulfide encountered while drilling. |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name: H2S Percent
RigCloud Field Name: H2S 01
|
parts per million (ppm) | Required if tested for during drilling. |
|
Hookload
The amount of tension on the drill string as observed from the surface. |
Pason Field Name:Hook Load
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Hookload
|
kilopounds (klbs) | Required |
|
Hookload String
The calculated weight of the drill string. |
Pason Field Name:String Weight
RIMBase Field name: Drillstring Wt
RigCloud Field Name: Hookload String
|
kilopounds (klbs) | Required |
|
Inclination
The deviation from vertical, irrespective of compass direction, expressed in degrees, as measured by MWD accelerometers or gyroscopes. Include whichever is available. |
Pason Field Name:Inclination
RIMBase Field name: Inclination In
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Inclination
|
degrees | Required |
|
Inclination - Survey
The deviation from vertical, irrespective of compass direction, expressed in degrees, as measured by MWD accelerometers or gyroscopes during a survey of the well, which may be coincident with drilling. Include whichever is available. |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name: Inclination
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Srv Inclination
|
degrees | Required if Inclination (above field) is not recorded |
|
Measured while Drilling Tool Depth
Depth of measurements taken while drilling (MWD measurements). |
Pason Field Name:Sensor Depth
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Tool Depth
|
feet (ft) | Required |
|
Mechanical Specific Energy
The energy required to remove a unit volume of rock. Used as a measure of drilling efficiency. Smaller mechanical specific energy (MSE) represents more efficient drilling, and therefore a higher rate of penetration (ROP). Include whichever is available or other MSE (e.g. Texas A&M University (TAMU), MSE Downhole, or TAMU MSE Total). |
Pason Field Name:Mechanical Specific Energy
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MSE
|
kilopounds per square inch (ksi) | Required |
|
Mechanical Specific Energy - Downhole
The energy required to remove a unit volume of rock as measured within the well. Used as a measure of drilling efficiency. Smaller mechanical specific energy (MSE) represents more efficient drilling, and therefore a higher rate of penetration (ROP). Include whichever is available or other MSE (e.g. Texas A&M University (TAMU), MSE Downhole, or TAMU MSE Total) |
Pason Field Name:DAS Downhole MSE
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MSE DownHole
|
pounds per square inch (psi) | Required if Total Mechanical Specific Energy and Mechanical Specific Energy are (above fields) not recorded |
|
Mechanical Specific Energy - Surface
The energy required to remove a unit volume of rock as measured at the surface. Used as a measure of drilling efficiency. Smaller mechanical specific energy (MSE) represents more efficient drilling, and therefore a higher rate of penetration (ROP). Include whichever is available or other MSE (e.g. Texas A&M University (TAMU), MSE Downhole, or TAMU MSE Total). |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name:
|
pounds per square inch (psi) | Required if Total Mechanical Specific Energy and Mechanical Specific Energy are (above fields) not recorded |
|
Mechanical Specific Energy - Total
The total energy required to remove a unit volume of rock. Used as a measure of drilling efficiency. Smaller mechanical specific energy (MSE) represents more efficient drilling, and therefore a higher rate of penetration (ROP). Include whichever is available or other MSE (e.g. Texas A&M University (TAMU), MSE Downhole, or TAMU MSE Total). |
Pason Field Name:MSE Total
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MSE Total
|
pounds per square inch (psi) | Required if Mechanical Specific Energy (above field) is not recorded |
|
Mud Motor Factor
If a downhole mud motor is being used, this value measures the number of bit revolutions produced by a unit volume of mud pumped through the motor. |
Pason Field Name:Speed Flow Ratio
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Mud Motor Factor
|
revolutions per gallon (rev/gal) | Required if a downhole mud motor is used. |
|
Mud Motor Maximum Differential Pressure
Recommended maximum differential pressure in order to maximize mud motor life, which is 80% of the differential pressure at maximum motor horsepower. If the differential pressure is too high, the motor can stall. If drilling conditions are favorable, the pressure differential may be allowed to reach the maximum. |
Pason Field Name:Motor Max Diff
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Mud Motor Diff Press Max
|
pounds per square inch (psi) | |
|
Mud Motor Maximum Torque
The torque associated with the maximum differential pressure on the mud motor. |
Pason Field Name:Motor Max Torque
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Mud Motor Torque Max
|
foot-pounds (ft-lbs) | |
|
Mud Motor Revolutions per Minute
The measured number of revolutions of the downhole mud motor in each minute. |
Pason Field Name:Motor RPM
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Mud Motor RPM
|
revolutions per minute (RPM) | Required if a downhole mud motor is used. |
|
Mud Temperature
The temperature of the drilling mud as it leaves the hole. |
Pason Field Name:Temp Out
RIMBase Field name: Temperature Out
RigCloud Field Name: MUD TEMP
|
degrees Fahrenheit | Required |
|
Mud Motor Used
A binary indicator for whether or not the mud motor was used for each time step. |
Pason Field Name:Mud Motor Used
RIMBase Field name: PumpType
RigCloud Field Name:
|
N/A | Required |
|
On Bottom
A yes or no value indicating whether or not the bit is on the bottom of the hole (at its current depth) or not. |
Pason Field Name:On Bottom
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: On Bottom
|
N/A | Required |
|
Over Pull
The pull on the pipe over and beyond its weight in either air or fluid. This value can be indicative of hole problems. |
Pason Field Name:Over Pull
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Over Pull
|
kilopounds (klbs) | Required |
|
Pump Pressure
The sum total of all the pressure losses from the oil well surface equipment, the drill pipe, the drill collar, the drill bit, and annular friction losses around the drill collar and drill pipe. Also referred to as system pressure loss. |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name: Average Pump Pressure
RigCloud Field Name: Pump Pressure
|
pounds per square inch (psi) | Required |
|
Rate of Penetration (Depth/Hour)
The speed at which the drill rig breaks and moves through the rock beneath it. |
Pason Field Name:Rate Of Penetration
RIMBase Field name: Average ROP (Units not specified
RigCloud Field Name: ROP Depth/Hour
|
feet per hour (ft/hr) | Required |
|
Rate of Penetration (Minute/Depth)
The time it takes for the drill rig to break and move through a measured depth of rock beneath it. |
Pason Field Name:Time Of Penetration
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: ROP Minute/Depth
|
minutes per foot (min/ft) | Required |
|
Return Flow
The mud flow out of the hole. |
Pason Field Name:Flow
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Return Flow
|
flow percent | Required |
|
Rig Mode
A more detailed descriptor of the state of the drill rig. |
Pason Field Name:Rig Sub State
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: RigMode
|
N/A | Required |
|
Rig State
A higher-level descriptor of the state of the drill rig. |
Pason Field Name:Rig Super State
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: RigState
|
N/A | Required |
|
Rotary Revolutions per Minute
The number of measured surface rotations per minute of the rotary, averaged over the interval. |
Pason Field Name:Rotary RPM
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name:
|
revolutions per minute (RPM) | Required if top drive (RPM) is not included. |
|
Running Speed Down
The maximum downward velocity of the drillstring while running into the hole. This value is reset following transmission of the record. It should always be a positive number. An appropriate sampling interval should be used to eliminate spikes ( e.g. 1 second). Include if past data is available |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Running Speed Down
|
feet per minute (ft/min) | |
|
Running Speed Up
Maximum upward velocity of the drillstring while picking up. This value is reset following transmission of the record. It should always be a positive number. An appropriate sampling interval should be used to eliminate spikes ( e.g. 1 second). Include if past data is available |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Running Speed Up
|
feet per minute (ft/min) | |
|
Stick Slip
The irregular movement of a logging tool up a hole due to it being stuck and then being released. In normal operation, the cable is pulled smoothly out of the hole and the logging tool follows, but the tool can become stuck. The cable stretches, and its tension increases, until the tool is freed. At this point it moves, or slips, quickly up the hole until the normal movement is resumed. Since the depth measurement is driven by the cable, the log readings opposite a zone of stick/slip are displayed at incorrect depths. Furthermore, since each measurement has a different measure point, the zone of stick/slip shows up at a different depth on each measurement. Indicative of drilling problems, but only available when directional tools are used. |
Pason Field Name:DAS Stick Slip Average
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Stick Slip
|
N/A | |
|
Tool Temperature
Temperature of tool used to take measurements while drilling (MWD measurements). Include whichever is available |
Pason Field Name:MWD Temp
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Tool Temperature
|
degrees Fahrenheit | Required |
|
Tool Temperature - Survey
Temperature of tool used to take measurements during a survey of the well, which may be coincident with drilling (MWD measurements). Include whichever is available |
Pason Field Name:
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: MWD Srv Tool Temperature
|
degrees Fahrenheit | Required if Tool Temperature (above field) is not recorded |
|
Top Drive Revolutions per Minute
The rotational speed of the device that turns the drill string. |
Pason Field Name:Top Drive Rotary
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Top Drive RPM
|
revolutions per minute (RPM) | |
|
Top Drive Torque
The rotational force, or torque, required to turn the drill string. |
Pason Field Name:Top Drive Torque
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: Top Drive Torque (ft-lbs)
|
kilofoot-pounds (kft-lbs) | Required |
|
Total Strokes per Minute
The number of strokes the polished rod completes in one minute. This determines the pump rate, or the rate at which liquid is pumped. If the number of strokes per minute is increased, the pump rate is also increased. This term is also referred to as stroke speed. |
Pason Field Name:Pump Total Strokes Rate
RIMBase Field name:
RigCloud Field Name: SPM Total
|
strokes per minute (SPM) | Required |
|
Weight on Bit
The amount of downward force exerted on the drill bit by the drill collars. |
Pason Field Name:Weight on Bit
RIMBase Field name: Average WOB
RigCloud Field Name: Weight on Bit
|
kilopounds (klbs) | Required |
Drilling Data Standard
What are Data Standards?
One component that contributes to high quality data is reusability, which can be enhanced through standardization. Data standards creates consistency in formatting and contents of like datasets, lessening preprocessing requirements and ensuring adequate information is provided by a given dataset.
Why Standardize?
High quality data is a key component for producing high quality machine learning results and for the applicability of machine learning to real-world problems. Machine learning is frequently exploratory in nature, meaning that data curation is often an iterative process throughout the life of a project. Modular data pipelines and standardization of processes and practices help to streamline this process, supporting the move to data-centric machine learning workflows which often produce outcomes that are more applicable to real world problems.
That said, any processes that can be taken to lessen data curation requirements are helpful in improving geothermal machine learning and data science outcomes. Data standardization puts similar data sets into a standard format, which lessens the time spent by researchers reformatting and combining data sets. This overall reduces the amount of time required for adequate data curation, both reducing the overall cost of machine learning projects and allowing more time for exploring different machine learning experiments and properly interpreting results. It would also allow users to incorporate many datasets efficiently and possibly automatically into machine learning projects, as opposed to focusing on just one or a few manually parsed datasets.
Automated Data Pipelines
Data pipelines have been implemented for select high-value data sets to automate the standardization process. The GDR's data pipelines automatically recognize certain types of datasets, and then convert them into a standardized format while also preserving the original data file. This shift takes the burden of data standardization off the user and project teams, allowing more project resources to be used on research and development activities, and increase the availability of standardized geothermal data available through the GDR. A set of recommendations and a data standard for each data type, will exist with each data pipeline in order to advise data collection for maximum usability for future research.
*RIMBase is included in the standard, but not currently in the pipelineComing Soon
The GDR is currently developing data standards for the following data types:
- Geospatial data
- Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) data
- Stimulation data
NGDS Content Models
The National Geothermal Data System (NGDS) provides standardized templates in Excel and XML formats for users to input their data into. The NGDS Content Models were developed with the intent of being all-inclusive, meaning that there is a column for every possible measurement associated with a particular data type. The list below describes the existing NGDS Content Models.
NGDS Content Models
| Abandoned Mines | Active Fault / Quaternary Fault | Aqueous Chemistry |
| Borehole Lithology Intercepts | Borehole Lithology Interval Feature | Borehole Temperature Observation |
| Contour Lines | Direct Use Feature | Drill Stem Test Observations (deprecated) |
| Fault Feature / Shear Displacement Structure | Fluid Flux Injection and Disposal | Geologic Contact Feature |
| Geologic Fault Feature / Shear Displacement Structure | Geologic Reservoir | Geologic Units |
| Geothermal Area | Geothermal Fluid Production (deprecated) | Geothermal Metadata Compilation |
| Geothermal Power Plant Facility | Gravity Stations | Heat Flow |
| Heat Pump Facility | Hydraulic Properties | Mineral Recovery Brines |
| Physical Sample | Powell and Cumming Geothermometry | Power Plant Production |
| Radiogenic Heat Production | Rock Chemistry | Seismic Event Hypocenter |
| Thermal Conductivity Observation | Thermal/Hot Spring Feature | Volcanic Vents |
| Well Fluid Production | Well Header Observation | Well Log Observation |
| Well Tests |
Learn More or Submit Feedback
If you want to learn more about the importance of data standardization for data science in geothermal, check out this Stanford Geothermal Workshop paper: Taverna, N., Weers, J., Huggins, J., Anderson, A., Frone, Z. “Improving the Quality of Geothermal Data Through Data Standards and Pipelines Within the Geothermal Data Repository (GDR).” Proceedings of the 48th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford Geothermal Program (2023).
The GDR team is continuously working to align its efforts with the needs of the geothermal community, and we would like to invite you to provide your feedback here: GDRHelp@ee.doe.gov.