Cape EGS and Utah FORGE: Empirical 3D Seismic Velocity Model
This dataset provides an empirical three-dimensional P- and S-wave velocity model covering a 30 x 30 km area and extending to 10 km depth around the Cape Modern EGS and Utah FORGE sites. It incorporates three-dimensional topography and a sediment/basement contact derived from geophysical and geological datasets collected by Utah FORGE or Fervo Energy. Basin velocities were estimated from a logarithmic fit to borehole velocity logs, while basement velocities were assigned constant values of 5.8 km/s for Vp and 3.392 km/s for Vs. No geophysical data inversion was performed in constructing this model.
The dataset includes a manuscript describing the methods used to develop the model. The velocity model is provided in NetCDF format. Users will need software capable of reading NetCDF files. Common scientific libraries support this format without requiring proprietary tools. We recommend the Xarray package for Python, where methods like open_dataset() and .sel().plot() can be used to read and plot the data.
Citation Formats
TY - DATA
AB - This dataset provides an empirical three-dimensional P- and S-wave velocity model covering a 30 x 30 km area and extending to 10 km depth around the Cape Modern EGS and Utah FORGE sites. It incorporates three-dimensional topography and a sediment/basement contact derived from geophysical and geological datasets collected by Utah FORGE or Fervo Energy. Basin velocities were estimated from a logarithmic fit to borehole velocity logs, while basement velocities were assigned constant values of 5.8 km/s for Vp and 3.392 km/s for Vs. No geophysical data inversion was performed in constructing this model.
The dataset includes a manuscript describing the methods used to develop the model. The velocity model is provided in NetCDF format. Users will need software capable of reading NetCDF files. Common scientific libraries support this format without requiring proprietary tools. We recommend the Xarray package for Python, where methods like open_dataset() and .sel().plot() can be used to read and plot the data.
AU - Nakata, Nori
A2 - Hopp, Chet
A3 - Wu, Sin-Mei
A4 - Robertson, Michelle
A5 - Dadi, Sireesh
DB - Geothermal Data Repository
DP - Open EI | National Renewable Energy Laboratory
DO -
KW - geothermal
KW - energy
KW - velocity
KW - Cape Modern
KW - seismic
KW - seismic velocity
KW - velocity model
KW - P-wave
KW - S-wave
KW - Utah FORGE
KW - enhanced geothermal systems
KW - EGS
KW - Cape EGS
KW - subsurface characterization
KW - NetCDF
KW - borehole velocity
KW - empirical model
KW - 3d model
LA - English
DA - 2025/11/12
PY - 2025
PB - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
T1 - Cape EGS and Utah FORGE: Empirical 3D Seismic Velocity Model
UR - https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/1800
ER -
Nakata, Nori, et al. Cape EGS and Utah FORGE: Empirical 3D Seismic Velocity Model. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 12 November, 2025, Geothermal Data Repository. https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/1800.
Nakata, N., Hopp, C., Wu, S., Robertson, M., & Dadi, S. (2025). Cape EGS and Utah FORGE: Empirical 3D Seismic Velocity Model. [Data set]. Geothermal Data Repository. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/1800
Nakata, Nori, Chet Hopp, Sin-Mei Wu, Michelle Robertson, and Sireesh Dadi. Cape EGS and Utah FORGE: Empirical 3D Seismic Velocity Model. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, November, 12, 2025. Distributed by Geothermal Data Repository. https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/1800
@misc{GDR_Dataset_1800,
title = {Cape EGS and Utah FORGE: Empirical 3D Seismic Velocity Model},
author = {Nakata, Nori and Hopp, Chet and Wu, Sin-Mei and Robertson, Michelle and Dadi, Sireesh},
abstractNote = {This dataset provides an empirical three-dimensional P- and S-wave velocity model covering a 30 x 30 km area and extending to 10 km depth around the Cape Modern EGS and Utah FORGE sites. It incorporates three-dimensional topography and a sediment/basement contact derived from geophysical and geological datasets collected by Utah FORGE or Fervo Energy. Basin velocities were estimated from a logarithmic fit to borehole velocity logs, while basement velocities were assigned constant values of 5.8 km/s for Vp and 3.392 km/s for Vs. No geophysical data inversion was performed in constructing this model.
The dataset includes a manuscript describing the methods used to develop the model. The velocity model is provided in NetCDF format. Users will need software capable of reading NetCDF files. Common scientific libraries support this format without requiring proprietary tools. We recommend the Xarray package for Python, where methods like open_dataset() and .sel().plot() can be used to read and plot the data.},
url = {https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/1800},
year = {2025},
howpublished = {Geothermal Data Repository, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, https://gdr.openei.org/submissions/1800},
note = {Accessed: 2025-12-04}
}
Details
Data from Nov 12, 2025
Last updated Nov 17, 2025
Submitted Nov 12, 2025
Organization
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Contact
Chet Hopp
Authors
Keywords
geothermal, energy, velocity, Cape Modern, seismic, seismic velocity, velocity model, P-wave, S-wave, Utah FORGE, enhanced geothermal systems, EGS, Cape EGS, subsurface characterization, NetCDF, borehole velocity, empirical model, 3d modelDOE Project Details
Project Name Collection of Microearthquake (MEQ) Data for Mitigating, Characterizing, and Understanding Induced Seismicity for Optimizing the Performance of EGS
Project Lead Zachary Frone
Project Number 26525
